Medical Dermatology

Acne

Acne is a common skin condition that affects people of all ages, most frequently occurring during adolescence and young adulthood. The cause of acne involves the overproduction of sebum (skin oil) by the sebaceous glands, clogged pores, the presence of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria, and inflammation. Different types of acne include non-inflammatory acne, characterized by whiteheads and blackheads, and inflammatory acne, which presents as papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. While non-inflammatory acne is usually less severe and more easily managed, inflammatory acne can lead to scarring if left untreated.

Treatment options for acne are diverse and can be tailored to the type and severity of the condition. Over-the- counter topical treatments often contain ingredients like benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or alpha hydroxy acids, and they are effective in mild cases. For moderate to severe acne, prescription medications such as topical or oral antibiotics, topical retinoids, or hormonal therapies (like birth control pills for females) may be recommended. In severe cases, oral isotretinoin, a potent retinoid, can be prescribed but requires careful medical supervision due to potential side effects. Dermatologists can also offer treatments like chemical peels, laser therapy, and extractions to help manage and prevent scarring. The choice of treatment should be made in consultation with a healthcare professional to best address individual needs and concerns.