Nail Fungus

Nail fungus, or onychomycosis, is a fungal infection of the nails, most frequently affecting the toenails. The cause of nail fungus is often attributed to fungus but can also result from yeasts or molds. It typically begins as a small white or yellow spot under the nail, which can then spread and cause the nails to become discolored, thickened, brittle, and crumbly. Other conditions can cause similar nail changes, such as psoriasis, eczema, or injury. Diagnosis is often confirmed through clinical assessment and can be further validated by nail clippings or cultures, which allow identification of the specific causative agent.

Treatment options for nail fungus vary in their effectiveness and approach. Topical antifungal medications are available over the counter or by prescription; they are generally more effective for mild cases. Oral antifungal medications are often considered for moderate to severe infections, as they can reach the fungus through the bloodstream. However, they may have side effects and require regular monitoring. In recent years, laser therapy has emerged as a treatment option, which uses laser light to target and kill the fungi. While promising, its long- term efficacy is still being studied. In severe or resistant cases, surgical removal of the infected nail may be recommended. Effective treatment often requires persistence, as nail fungus can be stubborn to eliminate, and recurrence rates approach 30% with any method of treatment.